石墨烯薄膜的制备和结构表征

采用氧化还原法制备了石墨烯胶状悬浮液, 通过真空抽滤获得了石墨烯薄膜. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、拉曼(Raman)光谱、粒度分析和扫描探针显微镜(SPM)等研究了石墨烯薄膜制备过程中各阶段产物的晶体结构、粒度及分子光谱特征变化. FTIR分析结果表明, 石墨在氧化过程中结构层键合大量含氧官能团, 还原后结构层表面仍残存有部分稳定的含氧官能团. XRD结果表明, 石墨氧化后衍射峰向小角度偏移、宽化, 原有石墨峰消失. 在成膜过程中氧化石墨烯形成凝聚体,而石墨烯形成絮凝体. 粒度分析和SPM测试分析结果表明, 氧化石墨烯在水中粒径分布呈拖尾峰形, 分布范围较宽. 石墨烯在水中的粒径成单峰分布, 分布范围较窄、对称性较好且平均粒径较小. Raman测试结果表明, 石墨在氧化和还原过程中, D、G峰逐渐宽化, I_D/I_G逐渐增强, 样品无序度增加. 在以上分析的基础上对石墨烯制备过程的结构特征进行了归纳总结.     

3-[P-(P-(P-甲氧基苯乙炔基)苯乙炔基)苯氧基]丙烯酸丙酯合成与表征

以对甲氧基苯乙炔、对溴苯酚、3-氯-1-丙醇和甲基丁炔醇等为原料,通过williamson反应、Sonogashina和酯化等反应合成3[P-(P-(P-甲氧基苯乙炔基)苯乙炔基)苯氧基]丙烯酸丙酯.用元素分析,IR和1HNMR等手段对产物的组成和结构进行了表征,并讨论反应物量、催化剂等因素对产率的影响.     

Laser-Induced Electron Fresnel Diffraction in Tunneling and Over-Barrier Ionization

Photoelectron momentum distribution in strong-field ionization has a variety of structures that reveal the complicated dynamics of this process. Recently, we identified a low-energy interference structure in the case of a super-intense extreme ultraviolet(XUV) laser pulse and attributed it to the laser-induced electron Fresnel diffraction. This structure is determined by the laser-induced electron displacement [Geng et al. Phys. Rev. A104(2021) L021102]. In the present work, we find that the Fre...     

刮膜蒸发器内非牛顿流体流场特性数值模拟

刮膜蒸发器是通过旋转刮板强制成膜,可实现高黏度非牛顿流体类物料平稳蒸发的新型高效蒸发器.蒸发器内流体的流动、分布与传输机制直接决定了蒸发器的蒸发效率与功耗.不同于现有研究主要基于牛顿流体开展,本文针对不同黏度的非牛顿流体,建立蒸发器三维计算流体动力学模型,系统研究了蒸发器内的流场分布特性和成膜机理.结果表明:低黏非牛顿流体的流场分布特性和牛顿流体类似,物料可在壁面形成均匀且连续的液膜;随着黏度的增加,液膜的均匀性和连续性逐渐变差.通过对流场分布与传输形式的研究,结合液膜分布、速度分布、剪应变率分布,以及黏度分布进行对比分析发现,蒸发器内部结构与运行状态形成的剪切场与黏度分布是蒸发器良好成膜的关键.此外,提出对刮板前缘进行弯折可辅助高黏流体液膜铺展,并对最佳弯折角度进行探索.本研究为刮膜蒸发器的设计和应用提供了理论指导与依据.     

Research status and performance optimization of medium-temperature thermoelectric material SnTe

Thermoelectric materials have the ability to directly convert heat into electricity, which have been extensively studied for decades to solve global energy shortages and environmental problems. As a medium temperature (400-800 K) thermoelectric material, SnTe has attracted extensive attention as a promising substitute for PbTe due to its non-toxic characteristics. In this paper, the research status of SnTe thermoelectric materials is reviewed, and the strategies to improve its performance are summarized and discussed in terms of electrical and thermal transport properties. This comprehensive discussion will provides guidance and inspiration for the research on SnTe.     

Strong near-field couplings of anapole modes and formation of higher-order electromagnetic modes in stacked all-dielectric nanodisks

We theoretically study the near-field couplings of two stacked all-dielectric nanodisks, where each disk has an electric anapole mode consisting of an electric dipole mode and an electric toroidal dipole (ETD) mode. Strong bonding and anti-bonding hybridizations of the ETD modes of the two disks occur. The bonding hybridized ETD can interfere with the dimer's electric dipole mode and induce a new electric anapole mode. The anti-bonding hybridization of the ETD modes can induce a magnetic toroidal dipole (MTD) response in the disk dimer. The MTD and magnetic dipole resonances of the dimer form a magnetic anapole mode. Thus, two dips associated with the hybridized modes appear on the scattering spectrum of the dimer. Furthermore, the MTD mode is also accompanied by an electric toroidal quadrupole mode. The hybridizations of the ETD and the induced higher-order modes can be adjusted by varying the geometries of the disks. The strong anapole mode couplings and the corresponding rich higher-order mode responses in simple all-dielectric nanostructures can provide new opportunities for nanoscale optical manipulations.     

铝型材用消光电泳涂料的研究进展

消光电泳涂料的研究重点是降低材料的光泽,并且达到优异的性能。文章主要介绍铝型材消光电泳的特点、消光原理以及各种不同消光手法。电泳涂料为了得到消光的外观,可以通过两种手段获得:物理消光和化学消光。物理消光法主要采取电泳后处理以及在涂料中添加消光剂来达到消光的目的,化学消光法利用树脂之间的性能差异来降低光泽。文章重点阐述了树脂消光法的原理以及在消光电泳涂料中采取的方法,包括溶解性(SP)差异消光法、内微凝胶消光法、固化温度差消光法等,指出消光树脂的研究方向是制备出能够抑制电解气发生的树脂,使阴极消光电泳涂装成为可能。     

锂-6玻璃闪烁体中Gd3+-Ce3+能量转移对发光性能的影响

研究了锂-6玻璃闪烁体中Gd3+引入对其发光性能的影响,结果表明:锂-6玻璃闪烁中Gd3+的引入存在Gd3+→Ce3+能量转移机制,有利于提高玻璃闪烁体的发光强度,Gd3+的引入同时提高了玻璃闪烁体的光碱度,使发射波长产生了相应的红移,Stokes位移变大;Gd3+在锂-6玻璃闪烁中较佳掺杂范围在15%左右,过高会产生相应的浓度淬灭效应,反而不利于玻璃闪烁体的发光。     

经典时空观能预言黑洞存在吗——从一道高考试题说起

探讨了黑洞半径的解法,并简单解释了广义相对论如何预言黑洞的存在.     

小型化外腔可调谐THz参量振荡器

基于LiNbO3晶体垂直表面输出技术,设计了一台小型化外腔THz参量振荡器。利用小型化灯1064 nm脉冲激光器泵浦MgO:LiNbO3,通过优化设计三波非共线相位匹配的光学参量振荡腔结构,实现THz垂直晶体表面输出,减少LiNbO3晶体对THz波的吸收,提高了THz波输出光束质量。当在泵浦光能量为128 mJ、重复频率为10 Hz时,获得THz波的调谐范围为0.69~3.01 THz,在1.6 THz处获得THz波最大平均功率为10.8 W,脉冲宽度为10 ns,对应THz波能量转换效率为8.4310-6。